Madzi nthawi zonse akhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafakitale ndi kufalikira kwa mizinda, chitetezo cha madzi, kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala zikukhala nkhani zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. M'malo osungira madzi m'matauni ndi m'malo oyeretsera madzi otayidwa m'mafakitale, malamulo okhwima okhudza chilengedwe, kukwera kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso chidziwitso cha anthu chikuwonjezeka zikusintha momwe madzi amayeretsedwera, kubwezeretsedwanso, komanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Pofika chaka cha 2026, makampani opanga madzi padziko lonse lapansi m'mafakitale ndi m'mizinda adzapitiriza kusintha kuti agwire bwino ntchito, akhale okhazikika, otetezeka kwambiri, komanso azigwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wanzeru. Kwa opanga, ogulitsa, ndi ogwira ntchito za polojekiti omwe amagwira ntchito yokonza mankhwala ophera madzi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi njira zochiritsira zophatikizika, kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolomu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera bwino komanso kuyika msika pamalo oyenera.
Nkhaniyi ifufuza njira zazikulu zoyeretsera madzi m'mafakitale ndi m'mizinda zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa mu 2026, kuwonetsa momwe msika ukuyendera, zatsopano zaukadaulo, kusintha kwa malamulo, ndi momwe zimakhudzira opanga, ogulitsa, makampani opanga mainjiniya, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
Anthu opitilira 2 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi amakhala m'madera osowa madzi, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikuchulukirachulukira. Kupanga mafakitale, ulimi, ndi kukulitsa mizinda zonse zimafuna madzi ambiri oyera komanso otetezeka. Pamene madzi abwino akuchulukirachulukira, kubwezeretsanso ndi kukonza madzi otayidwa sikulinso kosankha koma ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Malamulo Okhwima Okhudza Zachilengedwe
Maboma padziko lonse lapansi akulimbitsa malire a utsi woipa pa zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Zolimba zopachikidwa
- Zitsulo zolemera
- Phosphorus ndi nayitrogeni
- Zoipitsa zachilengedwe
- Mapulasitiki ang'onoang'ono
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Izi zimathandizira mwachindunji chitukuko cha njira zothetsera mankhwala, njira zosefera, ndi ukadaulo wowunikira.
Kusintha kwa Mafakitale ndi Zomangamanga
Mwachitsanzo, m'mafakitale otsatirawa:
- Mankhwala a Petrochemical
- Migodi
- Zamkati ndi pepala
- Kukonza chakudya
- Nsalu
- Kupanga zamagetsi
Mabungwe onsewa akukonza njira zawo zoperekera madzi kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsa zoopsa, ndikukwaniritsa zolinga za ESG.
Pakadali pano, malo oyeretsera madzi a m'matauni akukonza zomangamanga zakale kuti zitsimikizire kuti madzi akumwa ndi abwino.
Njira Yofunika 1: Kufunika Kwambiri kwa Mankhwala Ophatikizana ndi Kusakaniza Madzi
Kutseka ndi kutseka madzi kumakhalabe kofunikira kwambiri pa njira zoyeretsera madzi. Msika wa mafakitale wotseka ndi kutseka madzi upitiliza kukula mu 2026, makamaka ku Asia, Latin America, ndi Middle East.
Mankhwala otchuka omwe akuyendetsa kukula uku ndi awa:
- Polyaluminum chloride(PAC)
- Polyacrylamide(PAM)
- Polyamines(PA)
- Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) PolyDADMAC
- Ferric chloride
Mankhwala awa amathandiza kuchotsa:
- Zolimba zopachikidwa
- Mafuta
- Madzi oundana
- Zitsulo zolemera
- Zinthu zachilengedwe
N’chifukwa chiyani kufunikira kwa zinthu kukukulirakulira?
- Miyezo yapamwamba yotulutsa mpweya woipa
- Machitidwe ena obwezeretsanso madzi otayira
- Kukula kwa mafakitale
- Kuchita bwino pamtengo wotsika
- Kuchuluka kwa matope poyerekeza ndi alum wamba.
PAC ndi PAM akupitilizabe kutsogolera msika
PAC (polyaluminum chloride) ikupitilizabe kulamulira njira zoyeretsera ndi kusungunula madzi akumwa ndi kuyeretsa madzi otayidwa chifukwa cha:
- Kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kwa magazi
- Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa pH
- Kukhazikika mwachangu
- Mtengo wopikisana
Polyacrylamide, makamaka anionic ndi cationic polyacrylamide, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa madzi m'matope, kulekanitsa madzi olimba, komanso njira zoyandama.
Njira Yachiwiri Yofunikira: Njira Zapamwamba Zothetsera Kuchuluka kwa Oxidation ndi Disinfection
Majeremusi ndi zinthu zina zodetsa, monga mankhwala ndi mankhwala achilengedwe, zimafuna njira zamakono zochizira matenda.
Madera ofunikira kukula ndi awa:
- Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda okhala ndi chlorine (monga sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypochlorite, ndi zina zotero)
- Asidi ya Peracetic
- Chithandizo cha ozoni
- Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Ultraviolet (UV)
- Njira zamakono zopangira okosijeni (AOPs)
Makamaka machitidwe amadzi a m'matauni, amadalira mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda okhazikika komanso odalirika kuti atsimikizire kuti madzi akumwa ndi abwino.
Chifukwa chake izi ndizofunikira:
- Chitetezo cha thanzi la anthu
- Kuchepa kwa kufalikira kwa matenda
- Kutsatira malangizo a WHO
- Kugawa kotetezeka m'maukonde a mapaipi
Pa ntchito zamafakitale, kuwongolera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'malo ozizira, madzi oyeretsera, ndi madzi otayira kumakhalabe kofunikira kwambiri kuti tipewe dzimbiri, kukula, ndi zoopsa zachitetezo.
Njira Yaikulu 3: Kukula Kwamphamvu kwa Kubwezeretsanso ndi Kugwiritsanso Ntchito Madzi
Pofika chaka cha 2026, makina otulutsira madzi opanda kanthu (ZLD) ndi mafakitale ogwiritsiranso ntchito madzi adzakhala amphamvu.
Makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ogwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi awa:
- Kupanga magetsi
- Migodi
- Ma semiconductor
- Kuyeretsa
- Chakudya ndi zakumwa
- Mankhwala
Zoyendetsa kukula:
- Kukwera kwa mitengo ya madzi
- Udindo wa chilengedwe
- Zolinga zokhazikika pa mafakitale
- Malire a utsi wotulutsa mpweya woipa
Kutseka, kusuntha, kusefa kwa nembanemba, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zonse zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'machitidwe awa.
Njira Yaikulu 4: Zachilengedwe, Zachikhalidwe, ndi Utsogoleri (ESG), Kukhazikika, ndi Chemistry Yobiriwira
Miyezo ya zachilengedwe, chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi ulamuliro (ESG) ikukhudza zisankho zogula ndi kuyika ndalama padziko lonse lapansi.
Makampani akufunika kwambiri:
- Mankhwala ochepetsa poizoni
- Mayankho osinthika
- Kuchepa kwa mpweya woipa
- Ma CD otetezeka
- Maunyolo operekera zinthu otsatirika
Pofika chaka cha 2026, opanga omwe amapereka mankhwala odalirika komanso ovomerezeka ochizira madzi adzakhala ndi mwayi wopikisana nawo kwambiri.
Njira Yaikulu 5: Kuyang'ana Kwambiri pa Chitetezo cha Madzi Akumwa ndi Umoyo Wa Anthu Onse
Madzi akumwa oyera akadali chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Malo oyeretsera madzi otayira m'matauni amayang'ana kwambiri pa:
- Kulamulira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Kuchepetsa kutayirira
- Kuchotsa zitsulo zolemera
- Kukonza kukoma ndi fungo
- Kupewa dzimbiri la mapaipi
Kufunika kwama coagulants, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri akuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukula.
Ntchito Zamakampani Zidzakula mu 2026
Makampani ofunikira omwe amadalira kuyeretsa madzi ndi awa:
- Mafuta ndi gasi
- Kupanga magetsi
- Zachitsulo
- Kukonza mankhwala
- Zamkati ndi pepala
- Chikopa
- Kupanga nsalu
- Zamagetsi
- Makampani ogulitsa zakudya
- Mankhwala, ndi zina zotero.
Makampani aliwonse amafuna mankhwala enaake, zikalata zovomerezeka, ndi chithandizo chaukadaulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi waukulu kwa ogulitsa apadera.
Udindo wa Ogulitsa Mankhwala Odalirika mu 2026
Pamene machitidwe akuchulukirachulukira, makasitomala amafunikira zambiri osati zinthu zokha. Amafunikira ogwirizana nawo omwe angapereke ntchito zotsatirazi:
- Kupereka kokhazikika, kwapamwamba kwambiri
- Malangizo aukadaulo
- Thandizo la malamulo
- Mayankho Osinthidwa
- Mphamvu zoyesera za labu
- Mitengo yopikisana
- Mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali
Kuphimba, kupukuta, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wochizira matenda zidzakhalabe mizati yayikulu yamakampani. Opanga omwe ali ndi luso lopanga zinthu, luso lotumiza kunja, komanso ziphaso zapadziko lonse lapansi adzakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopambana pamsika womwe ukukulawu. Makampani omwe angaphatikize mankhwala apamwamba, ukatswiri waukadaulo, ndi chithandizo chodalirika cha mayendedwe adzakhala atsogoleri m'makampani m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Kusamalira madzi si chinthu chomwe chikuchitika m'makampani okha; ndi maziko ofunikira kwambiri pa kuteteza chilengedwe, chitukuko cha mafakitale, komanso thanzi la anthu. Poganizira za 2026, kufunikira kwa njira zodalirika, zogwira mtima, komanso zokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi kudzapitirira kukula.
Makampani omwe amamvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika pamsika ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba adzakhala pamalo abwino kwambiri opezera mwayi m'magawo a mafakitale ndi m'mizinda.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-13-2026
