Shuga ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa zakumwa, zakudya zosavuta kudya, chakudya chofulumira, maswiti, makeke, ndi mafakitale ena ofanana. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zokometsera m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo umafunika kwambiri. Shuga nthawi zambiri amachokera ku beets ndi sucrose. Beets amapanga 20% ya shuga yonse, pomwe nzimbe zimapanga 80%. Opanga shuga asanu apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi ndi Brazil, India, China, Thailand, ndi Pakistan. Opanga shuga asanu apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi ndi France, United States, Germany, Russia, ndi Turkey.
Popanga shuga, madzi otayira ndi madzi a shuga ambiri amapangidwa. Madzi otayira ndi madzi a shuga amenewa amafunika kukonzedwa panthawi yokonza kapena kutulutsa kuti akwaniritse miyezo. Kufotokozera bwino ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri pakati pawo.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi,Polyaluminium mankhwala enaakeyakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale a shuga padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kukhazikika kwake. Khalani m'modzi mwa ma coagulants otchuka kwambiri. Kuyambira kuyeretsa madzi a shuga mpaka kuchiza COD m'madzi otayidwa, PAC imapereka yankho loyenera kwambiri pamakampani opanga shuga.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito PAC mu Makampani a Shuga
Polyaluminium chloride imatha kuswa bwino ndikusonkhanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa, ma colloid ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zosungunuka. Ndi chinthu chopangira polima chosapangidwa chomwe chili ndi polymerization yayikulu komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga shuga pa:
- Kufotokozera bwino madzi a nzimbe kapena madzi a beet.
- Chotsani utoto ndi kuchepetsa kutayirira.
- Kuonjezera mphamvu ya sedimentation ndi kusefa.
- Kuyeretsa madzi otayira asanatulutsidwe kapena kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mosiyana ndi zinthu zozungulira monga aluminiyamu sulfate kapena laimu, PAC imagwira ntchito bwino pa pH yokulirapo, imapanga matope ochepa ndipo imaundana mwachangu.
Polyaluminium Chloride Imagwiritsidwa Ntchito Poyeretsa Madzi a Shuga
Madzi a shuga osakonzedwa amakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosafunika: zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa, ulusi wa zomera, ma colloid, mapuloteni, ma polysaccharides, utoto, nthaka, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitili tomwe timapangidwa, ndi zina zotero. Zinthu zosafunikazi zimakhudza kuyera kwa madzi a shuga, mphamvu ya makristalo, ubwino wa shuga womalizidwa, ndi zina zotero. PAC imatha kuchotsa zinthu zosafunika zomwe zimapachikidwa ndi kusungunuka; izi zimatchedwa clearance.
Njira Yogwirira Ntchito ya Polyaluminium Chloride mu Kufotokozera Madzi
·Mphamvu yabwino ya polyaluminium chloride imathetsa mphamvu yoipa pa ma colloids ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosakhazikika.
·Amasunga mapuloteni, tinthu ta mchenga, mankhwala a pigment ndi zinthu zina mumadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange ma floc akuluakulu omwe amakhazikika mwachangu mu clarifier.
·Komanso, PAC imathanso kunyamula zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa utoto wamadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu wa madzi a shuga kukhala wopepuka motero zimapangitsa mtundu wa chinthu chomalizidwa kukhala wowonekera bwino.
Ubwino wa PAC mu Kuyeretsa Madzi
* Kuchepetsa bwino kumveka bwino kwa madzi ndi mtundu wake
* Kukhazikika mwachangu komanso nthawi yochepa yokhala
* Kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa madzi oyeretsedwa
* Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma evaporators ndi ma heaters
* Kuchuluka kwa shuga chifukwa cha luso lokulitsa makristalo
* Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepa poyerekeza ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe ophatikizika
* Kuchepa kwa matope ndi kusefa kosavuta kwa matope
Ponseponse, PAC imawongolera magwiridwe antchito bwino komanso imawonjezera ubwino wa shuga womaliza.
Mlingo Wovomerezeka wa PAC pa Kufotokozera Madzi
Mlingo wodziwika bwino umadalira mtundu wa madzi, mtundu wa nzimbe kapena beet, komanso kuyera kofunikira. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mlingo ndi:
Mlingo wa PAC mu madzi a nzimbe osaphika ndi 20-50 mg/L
Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma flocculant othandizira, kuchuluka kwa PAC ndi 10-30 mg/L.
Pa madzi a zipatso omwe ali ndi chidetso chachikulu kapena nthawi yamvula, mlingo wa PAC ndi 40-80 mg/L.
Kukonza bwino mlingo kumachitika bwino kudzera mu mayeso a labotale.
Dziwani mlingo woyenera kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madzi a shuga.
Polyaluminium Chloride: Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pochiza Madzi Otayira a Shuga
Ngati madzi otayira ochokera ku makampani a shuga atatulutsidwa popanda kukonzedwa, amayambitsa mavuto a kuipitsa chilengedwe cha m'madzi ndi cha padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati madzi otayira ochokera ku makampani a shuga sanakonzedwe kwathunthu, amatulutsa fungo loipa akatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe. Magwero akuluakulu a madzi otayira ochokera ku mafakitale a shuga ndi monga njira zothira madzi ndi kuyeretsa, kupopera madzi ndi boiler, njira zosefera ndi kufotokozera, ntchito zoyeretsera zida, komanso madzi ozizira ndi madzi ozizira, ndi zina zotero.
Makhalidwe a Madzi Otayira a Shuga mu Makampani Ogulitsa Shuga
Madzi otayira amtundu uwu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (COD ndi BOD), zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa, utoto, mafuta ndi zinthu zina. Ali ndi mtundu wa bulauni, pH yochepa, vuto la fungo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba, komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zosapangidwa.
Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito ya PAC pa Kusamalira Madzi Otayidwa
PAC imakwaniritsa bwino njira zochizira madzi otayira m'njira zotsatirazi:
· Kugayika ndi kugayika kwa madzi m'thupi
Zingasokoneze kukhazikika kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa ndi ma colloid achilengedwe, motero zimapangitsa kuti ma floc apangidwe mwachangu.
· Kufunika kwa okosijeni wa mankhwala ndi okosijeni wachilengedwe kwachepa
PAC imatha kuchotsa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimasungunuka zomwe zimayambitsa COD/BOD yambiri.
· Kusintha mtundu
PAC imatha kunyamula zinthu za chromogenic ndi utoto m'madzi otayira.
· Kuchuluka kwa matope kumachepa
Dothi lopangidwa ndi PAC lili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, ndi laling'ono kwambiri, ndipo ndi losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchotsa madzi m'nthaka.
Ubwino wa PAC mu Kasamalidwe ka Madzi Otayira
- Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili pafakitale, kuchuluka kwa COD komwe kumachotsedwa kumatha kufika pa 60% mpaka 85%.
- Kugwedezeka kwa nthaka ndi zinthu zonse zosungunuka (TSS) kwawonjezeka kwambiri
- Wonjezerani kuchuluka kwa sedimentation mu clarifier
- Poyerekeza ndi mchere wa alum kapena wa ferrous, kupanga matope kumakhala kochepa
- Imagwira ntchito bwino mkati mwa pH yochuluka (5-9)
- Kufunika kwa mankhwala osinthira pH kwachepa
- Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a njira yochizira matenda achilengedwe
- Ubwino uwu umapangitsa PAC kukhala chisankho chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri ndi mafakitale a shuga omwe amatsatira malamulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama moyenera.
Mlingo Wovomerezeka wa PAC Pochiza Madzi Otayidwa
Mlingo wa PAC umasiyana malinga ndi momwe madzi otayira amakhalira:
Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwake ndi 30–150 mg/L. Pa madzi otayira okhala ndi COD yambiri, kuchuluka kwake ndi 100–200 mg/L.
Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma flocculant (monga PAM), kuchuluka kwake ndi 20–50 mg/L.
Mlingo woyenera umatsimikizira kumveka bwino popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena ndalama zosafunikira.
Mfundo Zowonjezera za PAC mu Kuchiza Madzi
Gawo Losamalirira:Iyi ndiyo mfundo yaikulu yowonjezera PAC, komwe imasokoneza bwino tinthu ta colloidal ndikuchepetsa kukhuthala.
Musanagwiritse ntchito Flocculation ndi Sedimentation:Kuphatikiza PAC ndi flocculant monga PAM pa siteji iyi kumapangitsa kuti magazi azigwira bwino ntchito komanso kuti madzi azigwira bwino ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azioneka bwino komanso kuti azigwira bwino ntchito pochiza.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito PAC Mogwirizana ndi Flocculants Zina
Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi PAM (Polyacrylamide) kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya floc.
Kuti utoto ukhale wolimba kwambiri, chotsukira utoto chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa.
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa pH 6.5–7.5; laimu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha pH.
Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) yakhala chowonjezera cha mankhwala chofunikira kwambiri mumakampani amakono a shuga chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito bwino, kukhazikika, komanso kusinthasintha kwake pakuyeretsa madzi a shuga ndi kukonza madzi otayira. Poyerekeza ndi ma coagulants achikhalidwe, PAC imapereka zabwino zingapo: pH yokulirapo, liwiro lokhazikika mwachangu, kupanga matope ochepa, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kutulutsa shuga. Mwa kuwongolera bwino mlingo wa PAC ndikuiphatikiza ndi ma flocculants othandizira monga polyacrylamide (PAM), zomera za shuga zimatha kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakuyeretsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama moyenera.
Zambiri zokhudza makampani opanga shuga zimapezeka mu "Mayankho a Mankhwala Okhudza Makampani a Shuga". Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani."
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-02-2025
