Kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito PAM ya cationic, anionic ndi nonionic？

Polyacrylamide(PAM) ndi polima wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi, kupanga mapepala, kuchotsa mafuta ndi zina. Malinga ndi makhalidwe ake a ionic, PAM imagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) ndi nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). Mitundu itatuyi ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu kapangidwe, ntchito ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito.

1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM)

Kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe:

Cationic PAM: Ndi polymer compound yolunjika. Chifukwa ili ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito, imatha kupanga ma hydrogen bond ndi zinthu zambiri ndipo makamaka flocculate negative charge colloids. Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi asidi

Ntchito:

- Kukonza madzi otayira: CPAM nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza madzi otayira omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoipa, monga zimbudzi za mumzinda, madzi otayira omwe amakonzedwa ndi chakudya, ndi zina zotero. Mphamvu yoipa imatha kusakanikirana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatayidwa kuti tipange ma flocs, motero kulimbikitsa kulekanitsidwa kwa madzi olimba ndi olimba.

- Makampani opanga mapepala: Pakupanga mapepala, CPAM ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira kulimbikitsa ndi kusunga mapepala kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa mapepala osungidwa.

- Kuchotsa mafuta: M'minda yamafuta, CPAM imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matope obowola kuti achepetse kusefa ndi kukhuthala.

2. Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM)

Kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe:

Anionic PAM ndi polima wosungunuka m'madzi. Mwa kuyika magulu a anionic awa pamsana wa polima, APAM imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zabwino. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyatsira, kuyika m'matope ndi kuyeretsa madzi osiyanasiyana otayira m'mafakitale. Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi alkaline.

Ntchito:

- Kukonza madzi: APAM imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza madzi akumwa ndi madzi otayidwa m'mafakitale. Imatha kusungunula tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa kudzera mumagetsi osalowerera kapena kulowetsedwa, motero imawonjezera kuyera kwa madzi.

- Makampani opanga mapepala: Monga chithandizo chosungira ndi kusefa, APAM ikhoza kukonza magwiridwe antchito osefa madzi a zamkati ndi mphamvu ya pepala.

- Kukumba ndi Kukonza Miyala: Panthawi yoyandama ndi kutayikira kwa miyala, APAM imatha kulimbikitsa kutayikira kwa tinthu ta miyala ndikukweza kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsanso kwa miyala.

- Kukonza Dothi: APAM imatha kukonza kapangidwe ka nthaka, kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muulimi ndi ulimi wa maluwa.

3. Nonionic Polyacrylamide (Nonionic PAM, NPAM)

Kapangidwe ndi Katundu:

PAM ya Nonionic ndi polima kapena polyelectrolyte yokhala ndi mamolekyu ambiri okhala ndi majini enaake a polar mu unyolo wake wa mamolekyu. Imatha kuyamwa tinthu tolimba tomwe timapachikidwa m'madzi ndikulumikiza tinthu kuti tipange ma floccules akuluakulu, kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwa tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa, kufulumizitsa kumveka bwino kwa yankho, ndikulimbikitsa kusefa. Ilibe magulu odzaza ndipo imapangidwa makamaka ndi magulu a amide. Kapangidwe kameneka kamaipangitsa kuwonetsa kusungunuka bwino komanso kukhazikika bwino pansi pa mikhalidwe yopanda asidi komanso yofooka. PAM ya Nonionic ili ndi mawonekedwe a kulemera kwakukulu kwa mamolekyu ndipo sikhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH.

Ntchito:

- Kukonza Madzi: NPAM ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza madzi osakhuthala kwambiri, oyera kwambiri, monga madzi apakhomo ndi akumwa. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti imatha kusintha kwambiri ku kusintha kwa khalidwe la madzi ndi pH.

- Makampani opanga nsalu ndi utoto: Pokonza nsalu, NPAM imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhuthala komanso chokhazikika kuti iwonjezere kulimba kwa utoto ndi kufanana kwa utoto.

- Makampani opanga zitsulo: NPAM imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta odzola komanso choziziritsira mu kukonza zitsulo kuti achepetse kukangana ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito opangira.

- Ulimi ndi ulimi wa zomera: Monga chonyowetsa nthaka, NPAM imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yosunga madzi m'nthaka ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera.

Polyacrylamide ya cationic, anionic ndi nonionic ili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zotsatira zake chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera. Kumvetsetsa ndikusankha yoyeneraPAMmtundu uwu ukhoza kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi zotsatira zake kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mafakitale osiyanasiyana.