Nkhani - PDADMAC Yokhudza Kutupa ndi Kuchotsa Utoto mu Kuyeretsa Madzi

Kukhuthala kwa madzi ndi utoto wake ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za ubwino wa madzi, makamaka m'mafakitale ndi m'mizinda. Kukhuthala kwakukulu, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zolimba monga dongo, matope, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, kumachepetsa mphamvu yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kusokoneza njira zoyeretsera madzi. Mofananamo, madzi obiriwira (nthawi zambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe zosungunuka, utoto, kapena madzi otayira a m'mafakitale) samakhudza kokha kukongola komanso kungasonyezenso kukhalapo kwa zinthu zoipitsa zomwe zingakhale zoopsa.

Makampani monga nsalu, mapepala ndi zamkati, migodi, ndi kukonza chakudya amapanga madzi otayira okhala ndi dothi komanso utoto wambiri. Kusamalira bwino madzi otayira awa ndikofunikira osati kokha pakukwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo komanso pachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso kugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zina. Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) ndi cationic polymer yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa madzi ndipo ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zochotsera dothi ndi utoto.

Kodi PDADMAC ndi chiyani?

Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) ndi polima ya cationic yosungunuka m'madzi yomwe imadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kusuntha, kuuma, komanso kumveka bwino kwake. Mwa mankhwala, PDADMAC ndi polima yolemera kwambiri ya mamolekyulu yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zochajitsa, zomwe zimailola kuti igwirizane kwambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili m'madzi.

Makhalidwe akuluakulu a PDADMAC ndi awa:

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya cationic: Kumathetsa bwino zinthu zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa ndi mpweya woipa komanso ma colloid omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoipa.
Kusungunuka kwa madzi: Kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza madzi otayira m'maboma ndi m'mafakitale popanda kupanga zinyalala zosasungunuka.
Kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi mankhwala: Kugwira ntchito bwino pa pH yochuluka komanso pansi pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamadzi.

PDADMAC imapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo madzi (emulsion kapena solution) ndi ufa wouma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosinthasintha komanso yosavuta kuisunga. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera madzi, makamaka pochotsa dothi komanso kuchepetsa utoto.

Momwe PDADMAC Imachotsera Kutupa

Njira yaikulu yomwe PDADMAC imachotsera kutayikira kwa madzi ndi kuletsa mphamvu ya magetsi. Tinthu tambiri tomwe timapachikidwa m'madzi, monga dongo, matope, kapena ma colloid achilengedwe, timakhala ndi mphamvu yoipa pamwamba. Mphamvu zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti tizikhala tomwe timatha kufalikira komanso kupewa kusungunuka kwa madzi.

Pamene PDADMAC yonjezedwa:

Maunyolo a polima omwe ali ndi mphamvu zabwino amalowa mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mphamvu zoipa.
Izi zimathetsa mphamvu ya pamwamba, kuchepetsa kukana kwa electrostatic.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timasonkhana pamodzi kuti tipange ma floc akuluakulu, omwe ndi osavuta kukhazikika kapena kusefa..

Njirayi imachepetsa kutayikira kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azikhala oyera bwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu monga kusefa, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena kugwiritsanso ntchito. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa PDADMAC kumadalira magawo monga kulemera kwa mamolekyulu, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, mlingo, ndi khalidwe la madzi, kotero kugawa bwino mlingo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino.

Kodi PDADMAC imachotsa bwanji utoto?

Mtundu wa madzi nthawi zambiri umachokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe zosungunuka (DOM), utoto, ndi madzi otayidwa a mafakitale. Kutayirira kumachitika chifukwa cha tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa, pomwe mtundu ndi chizindikiro cha zinthu zosungunuka komanso za colloidal.

PDADMAC imachepetsa mtundu kudzera mu njira zotsatirazi:

Kulowetsedwa: Mamolekyu a PDADMAC omwe ali ndi mphamvu yabwino amakopa mamolekyu amitundu yoipa, ndikupanga ma floc omwe amatha kuchotsedwa ndi sedimentation kapena kusefa.
Kulumikiza ndi Kusonkhanitsa: Maunyolo a polima amatha kulumikiza mamolekyu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuchotsa bwino.
Mphamvu yogwirizana ndi ma coagulants ena: PDADMAC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi alum, ferric chloride, kapena polyaluminum chloride (PAC) kuti ipititse patsogolo ntchito yochotsa utoto, makamaka m'madzi otayira a mafakitale okhala ndi chroma yambiri.

Ntchito ziwiri za PDADMAC—kuchotsa kukhuthala ndi utoto—zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa mafakitale omwe amafuna madzi owonekera bwino komanso okongola.

Kuyerekeza kwa PolyDADMAC ndi Ma Coagulants Ena ndi Ma Flocculants

PDADMAC nthawi zambiri imayerekezeredwa ndi ma coagulants achikhalidwe monga alum (aluminium sulfate), ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), ndi ma polymers osakhala a ionic kapena anionic monga polyacrylamide (PAM). Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kumathandiza akatswiri osamalira madzi kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera matope ndi kuchotsa utoto.

Mchere wa Alum ndi Iron:Izi ndi zinthu zosakaniza zopanda chilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Ngakhale kuti zimathandiza kuchotsa matope, nthawi zambiri zimafuna mlingo waukulu, zimapanga matope ambiri, ndipo sizingathandize kuchotsa utoto.

Polyaluminum chloride(PAC):Poyerekeza ndi alum, PAC imapereka flocculation yofulumira, kufunikira kocheperako kwa mlingo, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino. Komabe, mphamvu yake yosintha mtundu nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa, ndipo ili ndi pH yocheperako yabwino kwambiri kuti igwire bwino ntchito.

PAM (Polyacrylamide):Ma polima a PAM a anionic kapena osakhala a ionic amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati ma flocculant a zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa koma sagwira ntchito bwino pochotsa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa utoto wosungunuka.

Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDADMAC):Mosiyana ndi zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa, PDADMAC imaphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya cationic komanso mphamvu yolumikizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri pochotsa matope komanso kuchepetsa mtundu. Kuphatikiza apo, imapanga matope ochepa ndipo imagwira ntchito bwino pa pH yokulirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito isamavutike komanso kuti ndalama zisamawonongeke.

Mwa kuphatikiza PDADMAC mu njira zawo zochizira, mafakitale osiyanasiyana amatha kupeza madzi abwino komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi ndalama zotayira matope.

Mapulogalamu Odziwika a PolyDADMAC

PolyDADMAC mu Chithandizo cha Madzi Otayira a Municipal

M'malo oyeretsera madzi a zinyalala m'matauni, PDADMAC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti madzi azioneka bwino komanso kuti madzi azigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'madzi. Ndi yoyenera kwambiri pa:

Kuchotsa tinthu ta colloidal kuchokera ku zimbudzi zosaphika.
Kuchepetsa mtundu womwe umabwera chifukwa cha humic ndi fulvic acids m'madzi a pamwamba.
Kuwongolera mphamvu yochotsera madzi m'malo oyeretsera madzi a zinyalala.

PolyDADMAC mu Chithandizo cha Madzi Otayira Zamalonda

Makampani omwe amapanga madzi otayirira okhala ndi dothi komanso utoto nthawi zambiri amadalira PDADMAC ngati mankhwala oyambira kapena achiwiri:

Kupaka utoto ndi kusindikiza nsalu:Amachotsa bwino utoto wochita zinthu zowononga komanso zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti malamulo otulutsira zinthu akutsatira.
Zamkati ndi pepala:Amachepetsa kutayirira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ulusi wochepa komanso mtundu womwe umabwera chifukwa cha mankhwala a lignin.
Chakudya ndi chakumwa:Kumathandiza kuyeretsa madzi, kuchepetsa mtundu, komanso kumawonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsiranso ntchito madzi.
Kukonza migodi ndi zitsulo:Amachotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zitsulo zolemera, ndi utoto wotsalira m'madzi otayira.
Kutayira zinyalala m'malo otayira zinyalala:Zimathandiza kuchotsa zouma komanso zimachepetsa kusintha kwa mtundu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe zoipitsa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito PDADMAC, mafakitale osiyanasiyana amatha kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima yokhudza chilengedwe pamene akubwezeretsa madzi kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito kapena kutulutsidwa bwino.

Mlingo wa PDADMAC ndi Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa PDADMAC kumadalira mlingo woyenera komanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito. Mfundo zazikulu zofunika kuziganizira ndi izi:

Mlingo:Mlingo wodziwika bwino wa kuyeretsa madzi otayidwa m'matauni ndi 1–10 mg/L, ndipo wa kuyeretsa madzi otayidwa m'mafakitale, ndi 5–50 mg/L. Mlingo wokhawokha umadalira kutayikira, mtundu, ndi kapangidwe ka madzi. Kuyesa kwa bench-scale kumalimbikitsidwa kuti mudziwe mlingo woyenera.
Ntchito:PDADMAC ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku influent ngati yankho losungunuka kale kapena mwachindunji ku thanki yothira madzi.
Kusakaniza:Kusakaniza pang'onopang'ono komanso mwachangu kuyenera kuchitika kaye kuti zitsimikizire kuti kugawidwa kuli kofanana, kenako kusakaniza pang'onopang'ono kuti floc ipangidwe.
Nthawi Yolumikizirana:Ma Floc nthawi zambiri amapangidwa mkati mwa mphindi 10-20, kutengera mawonekedwe a madzi ndi mawonekedwe a polima.

Kukonza bwino magawo awa ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa kutayikira ndi kuchotsa utoto pomwe kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Zinthu Zokhudza Magwiridwe a PolyDADMAC

Zinthu zingapo zingakhudze momwe PDADMAC imagwirira ntchito pochiza madzi:

pH ya madzi:PDADMAC imagwira ntchito bwino pa pH yochuluka (4–10), koma zinthu zokhala ndi asidi wambiri kapena alkaline zingachepetse mphamvu yake.
Kutentha:Kutentha kwambiri kungathandize kuti floc ipangidwe mofulumira, pomwe madzi ozizira kwambiri angafunike nthawi yayitali yosakaniza.
Kuchuluka kwa Zinthu Zolimba Zokhazikika:Kuchuluka kwa dothi kungafunike kuchuluka kwa ma polima.
Zomwe Zili M'zinthu Zachilengedwe ndi Mtundu Wake:Madzi okhala ndi humic yambiri kapena utoto angafunike kukonzedwa pasadakhale kapena kuphatikiza ndi ma inorganic coagulants.
Kusakaniza Mphamvu:Kusakaniza kwambiri kapena kosakwanira kungasokoneze ma floc opangidwa, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yochotsera matope.

Mwa kuyang'anira magawo awa ndikusintha mlingo moyenera, ogwira ntchito zotsukira madzi amatha kupeza zotsatira zokhazikika za chithandizo.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito PDADMAC

PDADMAC ili ndi ubwino wambiri poyerekeza ndi ma coagulants achikhalidwe ndi ma flocculants, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pochiza madzi ndi madzi otayira:

Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri: PDADMAC imachotsa msanga matope ndipo imachepetsa mtundu ngakhale pa mlingo wochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zisawonongeke.
Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito Mosiyanasiyana:Yogwira ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pH, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'matauni ndi m'mafakitale.
Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Ochepa:Amapanga matope ochepa poyerekeza ndi ma coagulants osapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, amachepetsa ndalama zotayira zinthu komanso kuwononga chilengedwe.
Kuchotsa Madzi Ochuluka a Madzi Ochokera ku ...Zimathandiza kuti matope azithina mosavuta, zimathandiza kuti njira zochizira komanso zowumitsa zisamavunde.
Kugwirizana:Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi ma coagulants ena (monga PAC kapena alum) kuti ikwaniritse bwino njira zovuta zoyeretsera madzi akuda.
Kugwiritsanso Ntchito Madzi:Mwa kukulitsa kumveka bwino komanso kuchepetsa mtundu, madzi ochiritsidwa ndi PDADMAC nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale kapena kutulutsidwa bwino, zomwe zimathandiza zolinga zopezera chitukuko.

Kusungirako ndi Chitetezo cha PolyDADMAC

Ngakhale kuti PDADMAC nthawi zambiri imakhala yotetezeka kuigwiritsa ntchito, kutsatira malangizo oyenera kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwake kwa nthawi yayitali komanso chitetezo pakugwira ntchito:

Malo Osungira:Sungani PDADMAC pamalo ozizira komanso ouma, kutali ndi dzuwa lachindunji komanso kutentha kozizira. Ma formula amadzimadzi ayenera kusungidwa m'zidebe zoteteza dzimbiri.

Moyo wa Shelufu:Nthawi yosungira PDADMAC yamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri imakhala miyezi 12-24; ufa wa PDADMAC umakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yosungira ngati usungidwa wouma.

Kusamalira:Valani magolovesi ndi zoteteza maso mukamagwira mankhwala osakaniza kuti mupewe kuyabwa pakhungu kapena m'maso.

Kutaya:Tayani polima ndi matope osagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amapangidwa panthawi yokonza zinthu motsatira malamulo a zachilengedwe am'deralo.

Njira zoyenera zosungira ndi kusamalira zimasunga bwino ntchito ya polima ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azigwiritsa ntchito bwino.

Momwe Mungasankhire Wogulitsa Wodalirika wa PDADMAC

Kwa mafakitale omwe amadalira polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) kuti achotse matope ndi utoto, kusankha wogulitsa wodalirika ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira ndi izi:

Chidziwitso Chopanga:Ogulitsa omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito angapereke chithandizo chaukadaulo komanso chapamwamba nthawi zonse.

Zogulitsa Zosinthika:Kupereka kulemera kosiyanasiyana kwa mamolekyulu, kuchuluka kwa ma charge, ndi ma phukusi kuti zigwirizane ndi ntchito zinazake.

Othandizira ukadaulo:Thandizo pakuwongolera mlingo, kuyesa mabotolo, ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Kukhazikika kwa Perekani:Kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zikupezeka nthawi zonse kuti pasakhale kusokonezeka kwa ntchito.

Ziphaso ndi Kutsatira Malamulo:Zovomerezeka za ISO, REACH, kapena malamulo am'deralo zimatsimikizira ubwino wa malonda ndi miyezo yachitetezo.

Kugwirizana ndi munthu wodalirikaWogulitsa wa PolyDADMAC kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, komanso kutsatira malamulo.

PDADMAC ndi polima yothandiza kwambiri ya cationic yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochotsa matope ndi kuchepetsa utoto m'magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana oyeretsera madzi ndi zinyalala. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake bwino, kusinthasintha kwake, komanso kugwirizana kwake ndi ma coagulants ena kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri choyeretsera madzi m'matauni ndi m'mafakitale. Kwa mafakitale omwe akufuna madzi oyera, opanda utoto komanso kasamalidwe ka matope abwino, PDADMAC imapereka maubwino ogwira ntchito komanso azachuma. Kusankha wogulitsa wodalirika wokhala ndi ukadaulo kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito okhazikika, kutsatira malamulo, komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Yapitayi: Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri Zokhudza Mapiritsi a Chlorine Osambira kwa Ogula Ambiri

Ena: Mafotokozedwe ofunikira kuti muwone ngati mukugula PolyDADMAC

Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-03-2026