Polyacrylamide(PAM) ndi imodzi mwa ma polima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi, kupanga mafakitale, migodi, ndi kuchotsa mafuta. PAM ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati flocculant, chothandizira kusunga, komanso chowongolera nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri m'magawo ambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, mavuto ena angabuke panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kusungidwa kwake, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a PAM. Nkhaniyi ipereka chitsogozo chokwanira chothandiziraOgawa PAMndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amamvetsetsa ndikuthetsa mavuto awa.
Kodi Polyacrylamide ndi chiyani? Kodi Polyacrylamide imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Polyacrylamide ndi polima wosungunuka m'madzi wopangidwa kuchokera ku acrylamide monomers (AM). Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulumikiza ndi kusuntha tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zinthu zosafunika zomwe zimapachikidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange ma floc akuluakulu omwe amatha kukhazikika ndikusefedwa mwachangu. Polyacrylamide imapezeka m'mitundu itatu: anionic, cationic, ndi non-ionic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri.
Anionic Polyacrylamide:Yoyenera kuyeretsa madzi otayira ndi kuchotsa matope okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mphamvu zabwino.
Cationic Polyacrylamide: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi otayira kapena zimbudzi zomwe zili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mphamvu yoipa.
Polyacrylamide yosakhala ya ionic:Imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina osalowerera kapena ngati chowonjezera chowonjezera kuti igwire bwino ntchito.
Mavuto ndi Mayankho Ofala Okhudzana ndi Polyacrylamide
Chifukwa
Mtundu kapena kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya polyacrylamide sikukwaniritsa zofunikira za malo okhala ndi madzi.
Kulemera kwa molekyulu kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kapena kochepa kwambiri.
Mlingo wake si wolondola panthawi yosakaniza
PAM imagawidwa mosagwirizana m'madzi.
Yankho
Tengani zitsanzo za madzi ndikuchita mayeso a mtsuko kuti mudziwe mtundu woyenera, kulemera kwa mamolekyulu ndi mlingo wa polyacrylamide.
Sinthani dongosolo la mlingo, sakanizani mofanana kuti muwonetsetse kuti PAM ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa mofanana ku madzi omwe mukufuna.
Pa madzi otayira okhala ndi zinthu zovuta, ngati kuli kofunikira, gwiritsani ntchito PAM ndi zinaMa Coagulantmonga PAC, aluminiyamu sulfate, ndi zina zotero.
Ngati zinthu monga kusungunuka kwa madzi, kusasungunuka bwino, kapena kupangika kwa matope mu thanki yamadzi, zimasonyeza mavuto ena ndi njira yosungunukira madzi.
Zifukwa za izi zimachitika:
Polyacrylamide yolemera kwambiri imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono ndipo siisungunuka kwathunthu.
Kutentha kwa madzi kapena pH sikuli bwino kwambiri kuti PAM isungunuke.
Kusasakaniza mokwanira panthawi yosungunuka kungayambitsenso izi.
Mayankho:
Gwiritsani ntchito thanki yoyendetsedwa bwino musanasungunuke, pang'onopang'ono muwonjezere PAM m'madzi pamene mukusakaniza.
Onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa madzi kuli mkati mwa mulingo woyenera wa kusungunuka kwa PAM.
Kuvuta kupopa madzi, mlingo wosagwirizana kapena kutsekeka kwa zida zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zotsatirazi:
Kuchuluka kwa yankho la PAM ndi kwakukulu kwambiri
Pogwiritsa ntchito PAM yolemera kwambiri, kuchepetsedwa koyenera kuyenera kuchitika.
Yankho
Sakanizani PAM ku mlingo woyenera.
Gwiritsani ntchito njira yopangira ndodo ya rabara kuti PAM itulutse madzi okwanira nthawi yokwanira.
Yesani kukhuthala kwa mamolekyulu ndikusintha kulemera kwa mamolekyulu kapena kuchuluka kwake ngati pakufunika.
Thovu lochuluka m'matanki, ma reactor, kapena mapaipi limachepetsa magwiridwe antchito. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha:
Kusakaniza mwachangu kapena mpweya wamakina.
Ma PAM formulations okhala ndi ma surfactants.
Mayankho:
Chepetsani liwiro la kusakaniza panthawi yosakaniza.
Gwiritsani ntchito defoamer yogwirizana ndi PAM ngati pakufunika kutero.
Onetsetsani kuti yankho la PAM likuwonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono.
Ndondomeko ya Gold Standard: Buku Lotsogola la Njira Yabwino Kwambiri ya PAM
Kukonzekera koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti PAM ikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
1. Kukonzekera
Gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyera, opanda pH. Werengani kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mukufuna (nthawi zambiri 0.1–0.5%) ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chosakaniziracho chikupanga vortex yamphamvu popanda mpweya kulowa.
2. Kunyowetsa (Gawo Lofunika)
Yambani kusuntha ndipo pang'onopang'ono muthire ufa wa PAM mu vortex pamalo pomwe pakhala kugwedezeka kwambiri. Onjezerani pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi zingapo kuti muwonetsetse kuti madzi anyowa mokwanira ndikuletsa kuuma kwa madzi.
3. Kukalamba
Mukamaliza kuwonjezera, sakanizani kwa mphindi 5-10, kenako chepetsani kugwedezeka. Lolani yankholo kuti linyowetse ndikutsegula kwa mphindi 30-60.
4. Kusamutsa ndi Kupereka Mlingo
Gwiritsani ntchito mapampu osapsa bwino komanso mapaipi osalala. Pakani mwachangu—mankhwala okonzedwa a PAM ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa maola 24-72.
Mwa kumvetsetsa mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amakumana nawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera mavuto omwe akufuna, ogwira ntchito angathe kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsa ndalama ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yotsata malamulo okhudza chilengedwe. Kutsatira njira zabwino kwambiri posankha, kusunga, kupereka mlingo ndi kuyang'anira PAM kungatsimikizire kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino komanso kuti phindu la ndalama zomwe mwayikamo likhale lalikulu. Kaya mukugwira ntchito ndi zimbudzi za m'matauni, madzi otayira m'mafakitale kapena kukonza mafuta, kumvetsetsa momwe mungathetsere mavuto a PAM ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito yanu iyende bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-16-2025