Zizindikiro zitatu zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha PAM

Polyacrylamide(PAM) ndi organic polymer flocculant yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi. Zizindikiro zaukadaulo za PAM zikuphatikizapo ionicity, hydrolysis degree, molecular weight, ndi zina zotero. Zizindikirozi zimakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za flocculation pochiza madzi. Kumvetsetsa zizindikirozi kudzakuthandizani kusankha mwachangu zinthu za PAM ndi zofunikira zoyenera.

Kusungulumwa

Kukhazikika kumatanthauza ngati unyolo wa mamolekyu a PAM uli ndi ma charge abwino kapena oipa. Mlingo wa ionization umakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za flocculation za kuchiza madzi. Kawirikawiri, ionicity ikakwera, flocculation imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa unyolo wa mamolekyu a PAM omwe ali ndi ma charge ambiri umatha kuyamwa bwino tinthu tomwe timayimitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tisonkhane pamodzi kuti tipange ma floc akuluakulu.

Polyacrylamide imagawidwa makamaka m'mitundu ya anionic (APAM), cationic (CPAM), ndi non-ionic (NPAM) kutengera ionicity yawo. Mitundu itatu iyi ya PAM ili ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, ionicity yoyenera iyenera kusankhidwa kutengera zinthu monga pH ya madzi okonzedwa, kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi, ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamadzi otayira acidic, PAM yokhala ndi cationicity yayikulu iyenera kusankhidwa; pamadzi otayira alkaline, PAM yokhala ndi anionicity yayikulu iyenera kusankhidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino za flocculation, zitha kuchitikanso posakaniza PAM ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a ionic.

Mlingo wa Hydrolysis (wa APAM))

Mlingo wa hydrolysis wa PAM umatanthauza kuchuluka kwa hydrolysis ya magulu a amide pa unyolo wake wa mamolekyu. Mlingo wa hydrolysis ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu otsika, apakati, ndi apamwamba a hydrolysis. PAM yokhala ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a hydrolysis ili ndi makhalidwe ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

PAM yokhala ndi hydrolysis yochepa imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakukhuthala ndi kukhazikika. Imawonjezera kukhuthala kwa yankho, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa tifalikire bwino. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobowola madzi, zokutira, ndi mafakitale azakudya.

PAM yokhala ndi hydrolysis yapakati imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yosuntha madzi ndipo ndi yoyenera kuchiza madzi osiyanasiyana. Imatha kuphatikiza tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa kuti tipange ma floc akuluakulu kudzera mu kulowetsedwa ndi kulumikizidwa, motero imapangitsa kuti madziwo akhazikike mwachangu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ochizira zinyalala m'mizinda, kuchiza madzi otayira m'mafakitale, komanso kutaya madzi m'matope.

PAM yokhala ndi hydrolysis yambiri ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zoyamwa ndi kuchotsa utoto ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza ndi kupaka utoto madzi otayidwa ndi madera ena. Imatha kuyamwa ndi kuchotsa bwino zinthu zovulaza m'madzi otayidwa, monga utoto, zitsulo zolemera, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, kudzera mu ma charge ndi magulu oyamwa pa unyolo wa polima.

Kulemera kwa Maselo

Kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a PAM kumatanthauza kutalika kwa unyolo wake wa mamolekyulu. Kawirikawiri, kulemera kwa mamolekyulu kukakhala kwakukulu, mphamvu ya PAM imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa PAM yolemera kwambiri imatha kuyamwa tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tisonkhanitse pamodzi kuti tipange ma floc akuluakulu. Nthawi yomweyo, PAM yolemera kwambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zomangirira ndi kulumikiza, zomwe zingathandize kulimbitsa mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa floc.

Mu ntchito yeniyeni, kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a PAM omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa zinyalala m'mizinda komanso poyeretsa madzi otayira m'mafakitale kumafuna zofunikira zambiri, nthawi zambiri kuyambira mamiliyoni mpaka makumi mamiliyoni. Zofunikira za kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a PAM omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi otayira ndi zochepa, nthawi zambiri kuyambira mamiliyoni mpaka makumi mamiliyoni.

Pomaliza, zizindikiro monga ionicity, hydrolysis degree, ndi molecular weight ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza momwe PAM imagwirira ntchito pochiza madzi. Posankha zinthu za PAM, muyenera kuganizira bwino za ubwino wa madzi ndikusankha malinga ndi zizindikiro zaukadaulo za PAM kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za flocculation, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, komanso ubwino wa mankhwala ochiza madzi.