Zizindikiro zitatu zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha PAM

Polyacrylamide(PAM) ndi organic polima flocculant kwambiri m'munda wa mankhwala madzi. Zizindikiro zaukadaulo za PAM zimaphatikizapo ionicity, digiri ya hydrolysis, kulemera kwa maselo, ndi zina zotere. Zizindikirozi zimakhudza kwambiri momwe flocculation imagwirira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa zizindikiro izi kudzakuthandizani kusankha mwamsanga mankhwala a PAM ndi zizindikiro zoyenera.

Lonicity

Lonicity imatanthawuza ngati unyolo wa molekyulu wa PAM uli ndi milandu yabwino kapena yoyipa. Mlingo wa ionization zimakhudza kwambiri flocculation zotsatira za madzi mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri, kukweza kwa ionicity, kumapangitsanso kuti flocculation ikhale yabwino. Izi ndichifukwa choti maunyolo a ionic PAM a molekyulu amanyamula ndalama zambiri ndipo amatha kuyamwa bwino tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikupangitsa kuti asonkhane pamodzi kuti apange magulu akulu.

Polyacrylamide imagawidwa makamaka mu anionic (APAM), cationic (CPAM), ndi mitundu yosakhala ya ionic (NPAM) kutengera ionicity yawo. Mitundu itatu iyi ya PAM ili ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Pochita ntchito, ionicity yoyenera iyenera kusankhidwa kutengera zinthu monga pH mtengo wamadzi oyeretsedwa, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Mwachitsanzo, kwa madzi otayira acidic, PAM yokhala ndi cationicity yapamwamba iyenera kusankhidwa; pamadzi amchere amchere, PAM yokhala ndi anionicity yapamwamba iyenera kusankhidwa. Kuonjezera apo, kuti mukwaniritse bwino flocculation zotsatira, zikhoza kuthekanso mwa kusakaniza PAM ndi madigiri osiyana ionic.

Digiri ya Hydrolysis (ya APAM)

Mlingo wa hydrolysis wa PAM umatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa hydrolysis yamagulu amide pama cell ake. Mlingo wa hydrolysis akhoza m'gulu otsika, sing'anga, ndi mkulu madigiri a hydrolysis. PAM ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a hydrolysis ali ndi katundu ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

PAM ndi digiri otsika wa hydrolysis zimagwiritsa ntchito thickening ndi bata. Kumawonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe a yankho, kulola inaimitsidwa particles kumwazikana bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobowola madzi, zokutira, ndi mafakitale azakudya.

PAM ndi sing'anga digiri ya hydrolysis ali wabwino flocculation tingati ndi oyenera mankhwala osiyanasiyana madzi khalidwe. Ikhoza kuphatikizira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa timadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi tokulirapo kudzera mu adsorption ndi bridging, potero kukwaniritsa mwachangu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ochotsa zimbudzi zamatauni, kuyeretsa madzi otayira m'mafakitale, komanso kutaya madzi m'madzi a sludge.

PAM yokhala ndi digiri yayikulu ya hydrolysis ili ndi kuthekera kolimba komanso kutulutsa utoto ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kusindikiza ndi kudaya mankhwala amadzi oyipa ndi magawo ena. Imatha kutsatsa bwino ndikuchotsa zinthu zovulaza m'madzi otayidwa, monga utoto, zitsulo zolemera, ndi zinthu zakuthupi, kudzera pamitengo ndi magulu otsatsa pa unyolo wa polima.

Kulemera kwa Maselo

Kulemera kwa molekyulu ya PAM kumatanthawuza kutalika kwa unyolo wake wamagulu. Nthawi zambiri, kulemera kwa maselo kumapangitsa kuti PAM ikhale yabwino. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa molekyulu ya PAM kumatha kutsatsira bwino tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikupangitsa kuti azisonkhana pamodzi kuti apange magulu akulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, PAM yolemera kwambiri ya molekyulu imakhala ndi mphamvu zomangirira bwino komanso zomangirira, zomwe zingapangitse mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa floc.

Pakugwiritsa ntchito, kulemera kwa mamolekyu a PAM omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zimbudzi zam'tawuni komanso kuyeretsa madzi otayira m'mafakitale kumafuna zofunikira zapamwamba, kuyambira mamiliyoni mpaka makumi mamiliyoni. Zofunikira zolemetsa zama cell za PAM zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda otaya madzi m'thupi ndizochepa, nthawi zambiri zimayambira mamiliyoni mpaka makumi mamiliyoni.

Pomaliza, zizindikiro monga ionicity, digiri ya hydrolysis, ndi kulemera kwa maselo ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za ntchito ya PAM mu mankhwala a madzi. Posankha zinthu za PAM, muyenera kuganizira mozama za madzi ndikusankha malinga ndi zizindikiro za PAM kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za flocculation, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, komanso khalidwe la madzi.