Mankhwala a Dziwe Losambira - Zimene Muyenera Kudziwa
M'chilimwe chotentha, kusambira kwakhala chisankho choyamba cha zosangalatsa. Sikuti kumangobweretsa kuzizira ndi chisangalalo, komanso kumathandiza anthu kukhala olimba. Kenako, kukonza dziwe ndikofunikira kwambiri, komwe kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha madzi a dziwe komanso magwiridwe antchito a zida. Nkhaniyi ikupereka mayankho angapo aukadaulo komanso angwiro ku mavuto omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri pakukonza dziwe, omwe adapangidwa kuti athandize oyang'anira dziwe ndi osambira kuthana ndi mavutowa mosavuta ndikusangalala ndi malo osambira aukhondo, otetezeka komanso omasuka.
Nkhaniyi isanayambike, tiyeni tiwone mfundo zofunika zomwe zingatithandize kumvetsetsa zomwe zikubwera.
Zomwe Zilipo pa Chlorine:Limatanthauza kuchuluka kwa chlorine komwe kloridi imatha kusungunuka, nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a kuchuluka, kokhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito bwino komanso mphamvu yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chlorine Yaulere (FC) ndi Chlorine Yophatikizana (CC):Klorini yaulere ndi hypochlorous acid kapena hypochlorite yaulere, yopanda fungo, yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda; Klorini yophatikizika ndi njira yogwirira ntchito ndi ammonia nayitrogeni, monga thukuta ndi mkodzo, kuti ipange chloramine, sikuti imangokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu lokwiyitsa, komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati palibe chlorine yokwanira komanso kuchuluka kwa ammonia nayitrogeni, chlorine yophatikizika imapangidwa.
Asidi ya Cyanuric (CYA):CYA, yomwenso ndi cholimbitsa dziwe, imatha kusunga asidi wochepa m'dziwe ndikuletsa kuti iwonongeke mwachangu padzuwa, motero kuonetsetsa kuti kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumakhala kolimba. Izi zitha kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndi algae, ndikusunga madzi oyera komanso aukhondo. Dziwani kuti mulingo wa CYA. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mulingo wa CYA sayenera kupitirira 100 ppm.
Kusokonezeka kwa Chlorine:Mwa kuwonjezera chlorine m'dziwe losambira, kuchuluka kwa chlorine m'madzi kudzakwera mofulumira pakapita nthawi yochepa kuti pakhale kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwachangu, kuyeretsa kapena kuthetsa mavuto a khalidwe la madzi.
Tsopano, tikambirana mwalamulo momwe tingathetsere mavuto okhudzana ndi kukonza dziwe losambira.
Mankhwala a Dziwe -- Chinsinsi Chosunga Ubwino wa Madzi a Dziwe
>1.1 Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo Tosambirira -- Amapha Mabakiteriya ndi Mavairasi
Madzi abwino kwambiri amafunika ukhondo wabwino kuti osambira asapatsire matenda opatsirana m'madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungathandize kuti izi zitheke. Kawirikawiri, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito chlorine, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito bromine, ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito PHMB ndi njira zodziwika bwino zophera tizilombo m'madziwe osambira.
1.1.1 Kupha Matenda a Chlorine
Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chlorine m'madzi osambira ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza yochizira bwino madzi. Chlorine m'madzi imapanga asidi wochepa, womwe ungawononge kapangidwe ka maselo a mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi tizilombo tina, kuti tipeze tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwala a chlorine omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika ndi Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, Trichloroisocyanuric Acid ndi Calcium Hypochlorite.
- Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, komanso SIDC kapena NaDCC, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda othandiza kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumba oyera. Muli 55%-60% ya chlorine yomwe ilipo, yomwe imatha kupha mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi algae moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo osambira akhale otetezeka komanso athanzi. SDIC si yotetezeka kokha, komanso imatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, imagwira ntchito kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenera. Chifukwa SDIC imasungunuka kwambiri komanso imasungunuka mwachangu, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochiza dziwe losambira, pakadali pano, ilibe mphamvu zambiri pa pH ya maiwe osambira. Ndipo SDIC ndi chlorine yokhazikika, kotero sifunika kuwonjezera CYA. Kuphatikiza apo, chothandizira chotenthetsera madzi chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku SDIC kuti apange mapiritsi otenthetsera madzi, omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kusungunuka kuposa mapiritsi oyera a SDIC, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretsera madzi m'nyumba.
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- Asidi ya Trichloroisocyanuric (TCCA)Ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda othandiza kwambiri, omwe ali ndi 90% ya chlorine yomwe ilipo. Monga SDIC, TCCA ndi chlorine yokhazikika yomwe siifuna CYA ikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madziwe, koma imachepetsa pH ya madzi a dziwe. Chifukwa TCCA ili ndi kusungunuka kochepa komanso kusungunuka pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati mapiritsi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma feeder kapena dispenser. Koma chifukwa cha izi, TCCA imatha kutulutsa asidi wa hypochlorous m'madzi mosalekeza komanso mosalekeza, kuti dziwe likhale loyera komanso kuti lisamawononge tizilombo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kupatula apo, TCCA ikhoza kupangidwa kukhala mapiritsi ambiri omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zowunikira komanso kupha algae.
Kashiamu Hypochlorite, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti CHC, mankhwala osapangidwa kuchokera ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono toyera mpaka toyera, ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza dziwe. Kuchuluka kwa chlorine komwe kulipo ndi 65% kapena 70%. Mosiyana ndi SDIC ndi TCCA, CHC ndi chlorine yosakhazikika ndipo siikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa CYA m'dziwe. Chifukwa chake ngati pali vuto lalikulu la madzi lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa komanso kuchuluka kwa CYA m'dziwe, CHC ndi chisankho chabwino cha dziwe losambira. CHC ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo a chlorine. Chifukwa CHC ili ndi zinthu zambiri zosasungunuka, imafunika kusungunuka ndi kutsukidwa isanathiridwe m'dziwe.
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1.1.2 Kupha Matenda a Bromine
Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a bromine kwatchukanso pakusamalira dziwe losambira chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yofatsa komanso yokhalitsa yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Bromine imapezeka m'madzi monga HBrO ndi bromine ion (Br-), zomwe HBrO imakhala ndi okosijeni wamphamvu ndipo imatha kupha mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a bromine.
Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH), mtundu wa mtengo wokwera wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a bromine, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mapiritsi oyera, ali ndi 28% ya chlorine yomwe ilipo ndipo 60% ya bromine yomwe ilipo. Chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kochepa komanso kusungunuka pang'onopang'ono, BCDMH imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osambira ndi m'mabafa otentha. Komabe, BCDMH bromine ili ndi fungo lochepa kuposa chlorine, kotero imachepetsa kuyabwa m'maso ndi pakhungu la osambira. Nthawi yomweyo, BCDMH imakhala yolimba bwino m'madzi ndipo simakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi pH, ammonia nayitrogeni ndi CYA, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti imapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa bromine sidzakhazikika ndi CYA, samalani kuti musagwiritse ntchito m'madziwe osambira akunja.
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1.1.3 PHMB / PHMG
PHMB, madzi owonekera opanda mtundu kapena tinthu toyera, mawonekedwe ake olimba amasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito PHMB, kumbali imodzi, sikutulutsa fungo la bromine, kupewa kuyabwa pakhungu, kumbali ina, sikuyenera kuganizira vuto la kuchuluka kwa CYA. Komabe, mtengo wa PHMB ndi wokwera, ndipo sugwirizana ndi machitidwe a chlorine ndi bromine, ndipo kusinthana ndi kovuta, kotero ngati njira yogwiritsira ntchito PHMB sitsatiridwa mosamala, padzakhala mavuto ambiri. PHMG ili ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi PHMB.
>1.2 pH Kulinganiza
Mlingo woyenera wa pH sikuti umangowonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso umaletsa dzimbiri ndi kuyika kwa mamba. Nthawi zambiri, pH ya madzi imakhala pafupifupi 5-9, pomwe pH yofunikira pamadzi a dziwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 7.2-7.8. Mlingo wa pH ndi wofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha dziwe. Mtengo ukakhala wotsika, acidity imakhala yolimba; Mtengo ukakhala wokwera, umakhala wosavuta.
1.2.1 Mlingo wa pH wapamwamba (woposa 7.8)
pH ikapitirira 7.8, madzi a dziwe amakhala amchere. pH yochuluka imachepetsa mphamvu ya chlorine m'dziwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isagwire bwino ntchito popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zingayambitse mavuto a khungu kwa osambira, madzi a dziwe okhala ndi mitambo komanso kukulitsa zida za dziwe. pH ikakwera kwambiri, pH Minus (Sodium Bisulfate) ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti ichepetse pH.
1.2.2 Mlingo Wotsika wa pH (wochepera 7.2)
Ngati pH ili yotsika kwambiri, madzi a dziwe amakhala acidic komanso owononga, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto angapo:
- Madzi okhala ndi asidi amatha kukwiyitsa maso ndi mphuno za osambira ndipo amaumitsa khungu ndi tsitsi lawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyabwa;
- Madzi okhala ndi asidi amatha kuwononga malo achitsulo ndi zolumikizira za dziwe monga makwerero, zipilala, magetsi ndi chitsulo chilichonse chomwe chili m'mapampu, zosefera kapena zotenthetsera;
- pH yotsika m'madzi ingayambitse dzimbiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa gypsum, simenti, miyala, konkire ndi matailosi. Malo aliwonse a vinyl nawonso amafooka, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kusweka ndi kung'ambika. Michere yonse yosungunukayi imakodwa mu yankho la madzi a dziwe, zomwe zingayambitse madzi a dziwe kukhala odetsedwa komanso amtambo;
- Kuphatikiza apo, chlorine yaulere m'madzi idzatayika mwachangu chifukwa cha izi, zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndi algae.
Ngati pH ili yotsika mu dziwe, mutha kuwonjezera pH Plus (Sodium Carbonate) kuti muwonjezere pH mpaka pH ya dziwe ikadali pamlingo wa 7.2-7.8.
Dziwani: Mukasintha pH, onetsetsani kuti mwasintha alkalinity yonse kukhala yofanana ndi yachibadwa (60-180ppm).
1.3 Chiwerengero Chonse cha Alkalinity
Kuwonjezera pa mulingo woyenera wa pH, mulingo wonse wa alkali umakhudzanso kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha madzi a dziwe. Ulingo wonse wa alkali, womwenso ndi TC, umayimira mphamvu ya pH yotetezera madzi m'madzi. TC yokwera imapangitsa kuti pH ikhale yovuta ndipo ingayambitse kupangika kwa sikelo pamene kuuma kwa calcium kuli kwakukulu kwambiri; TC yotsika ingayambitse pH kuyenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhazikika mkati mwa mulingo woyenera. Mtundu woyenera wa TC ndi 80-100 mg/L (pa maiwe ogwiritsa ntchito chlorine yokhazikika) kapena 100-120 mg/L (pa maiwe ogwiritsa ntchito chlorine yokhazikika), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 150 mg/L ikhale dziwe lopangidwa ndi pulasitiki. Ndikofunikira kuyesa mulingo wa TC kamodzi pa sabata.
Ngati TC ili yotsika kwambiri, Sodium Bicarbonate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito; Ngati TC ili yokwera kwambiri, Sodium Bisulfate kapena Hydrochloric Acid ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochepetsa kutentha kwa madzi. Koma njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera TC ndikusintha madzi ochepa; Kapena onjezerani asidi kuti muwongolere pH ya madzi a dziwe pansi pa 7.0, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chopukutira mpweya kuti mulowe mu dziwe kuti muchotse carbon dioxide mpaka TC itatsika kufika pamlingo womwe mukufuna.
1.4 Kulimba kwa Kalisiyamu
Kulimba kwa calcium (CH), komwe ndi njira yoyesera bwino madzi, kumagwirizana ndi kuyera bwino kwa dziwe losambira, kulimba kwa zida zake komanso chitonthozo cha wosambira.
Madzi a dziwe akakhala otsika, madzi a dziwe amawononga khoma la dziwe la konkire, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuphulika; CH yochuluka ya madzi a dziwe ingayambitse kupanga ma scale ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya copper algaecide. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kudzakhudza kwambiri momwe chotenthetsera chimasamutsira kutentha. Ndikofunikira kuyesa kuuma kwa madzi a dziwe kamodzi pa sabata. CH yoyenera ndi 180-250 mg/L (dziwe lopangidwa ndi pulasitiki) kapena 200-275 mg/L (dziwe lopangidwa ndi konkire).
Ngati CH ili yochepa mu dziwe, ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa powonjezera Calcium Chloride. Powonjezera, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mlingo ndi kugawa kofanana kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwambiri kwa madzi m'deralo. Ngati CH ili yokwera kwambiri, chochotsera sikelo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa sikelo. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, chonde tsatirani malangizo mosamala kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa zida za dziwe komanso ubwino wa madzi.
1.5 Kugwedezeka
Kugwedezeka ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pakukonza dziwe losambira. Madzi a dziwe okhala ndi mitambo samangokhudza mawonekedwe ndi momwe dziwe limaonekera, komanso amachepetsa mphamvu ya kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Gwero lalikulu la kugwedezeka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayikidwa mu dziwe, zomwe zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi ma flocculant. Flocculant yodziwika kwambiri ndi Aluminium Sulfate, nthawi zina PAC imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndithudi, pali anthu ochepa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito PDADMAC ndi Pool Gel.
1.5.1 Aluminiyamu Sulfate
Aluminiyamu Sulfate(yomwe imatchedwanso Alum) ndi flocculant yabwino kwambiri yosungira dziwe lanu kuti likhale loyera komanso loyera. Pochiza dziwe, alum imasungunuka m'madzi kuti ipange ma floc omwe amakoka ndikumangirira ku zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa ndi zodetsa m'dziwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupatukana ndi madzi. Makamaka, alum yomwe imasungunuka m'madzi imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono kuti ipange Al(OH)3 colloid yomwe imayikidwa bwino, yomwe imayamwa tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa bwino m'madzi kenako imalumikizana mwachangu ndikugwa pansi. Pambuyo pake, dothi limatha kulekanitsidwa ndi madzi ndi mvula kapena kusefedwa. Komabe, alum ili ndi vuto, ndiko kuti, pamene kutentha kwa madzi kuli kochepa, mapangidwe a ma floc adzakhala pang'onopang'ono komanso omasuka, zomwe zimakhudza kuuma ndi kusuntha kwa madzi.
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1.5.2 Polyaluminum Chloride
Polyaluminum chloride(PAC) ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi m'dziwe losambira. Ndi flocculant ya polymer yopanda chilengedwe yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga ubwino wa madzi pochotsa bwino tinthu tomwe timayimitsidwa, ma colloid ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, PAC imathanso kuchotsa algae akufa m'dziwe kuti ilamulire kukula kwa algae. Dziwani kuti alum ndi PAC ndi ma flocculant a aluminiyamu. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito flocculant ya aluminiyamu, ndikofunikira kusungunula flocculant musanayiwonjezere ku dziwe, kenako lolani pampu igwire ntchito mpaka flocculant itafalikira mokwanira komanso mofanana m'madzi a dziwe. Pambuyo pake, zimitsani pampuyo ndipo muyisunge chete. Pamene dothi lamira pansi pa dziwe, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chotsukira cha vacuum kuti muziyamwa.
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1.5.3 PDADMAC ndi dziwe losambira
PDADMAC ndi dziwe losambiraZonsezi ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi organic flocculants. Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, zinthu zopangidwazo zidzasefedwa ndi fyuluta yamchenga, ndipo kumbukirani kutsuka fyulutayo mukamaliza kufewa. Mukagwiritsa ntchito PDADMAC, iyenera kusungunuka musanayike mu dziwe, pomwe Pool Gel imangofunika kuyikidwa mu skimmer, zomwe ndizosavuta. Poyerekeza ndi alum ndi PAC, flocculation ya zonsezi ndi yotsika.
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1.6 Kukula kwa Algae
Kukula kwa algae m'madziwe osambira ndi vuto lofala komanso lovuta. Sizingokhudza mawonekedwe a dziwe losambira kuti madzi azikhala ndi mitambo, komanso zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya aziberekana, zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la osambira. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane momwe tingathetsere vuto la algae bwino kwambiri.
1.6.1 Mitundu ya Algae
Choyamba, tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi algae ziti zomwe zili m'dziwe.
Algae wobiriwira:Uwu ndi chomera chobiriwira chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri m'madzi a m'madzi, chomwe sichimangoyandama m'madzi a dziwe kuti madzi a dziwe akhale obiriwira, komanso chimamatira kukhoma kapena pansi pa dziwe kuti chikhale choterera.
Algae wabuluu:Uwu ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya, nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati ulusi woyandama wabuluu, wobiriwira, kapena wakuda womwe umafalikira kwambiri. Ndipo umatha kupirira ma algicides kuposa algae wobiriwira.
Algae achikasu:Iyi ndi chromista. Imamera pa makoma ndi ngodya za dziwe lowala kumbuyo ndipo nthawi zambiri imapanga madontho achikasu, agolide, kapena obiriwira ofiirira. Algae achikasu amalekerera kwambiri mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mkuwa nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito.
Algae wakuda:Monga algae yabuluu, uwu ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya. Algae yakuda nthawi zambiri imamera m'madziwe osambira a konkire, ndikupanga madontho akuda, abulauni, kapena abuluu-akuda kapena mizere yofanana ndi nsonga ya pensulo pamakoma a dziwe. Chifukwa algae yakuda imalimbana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nthawi zambiri imatha kuchotsedwa pokhapokha ngati pali chlorine yambiri komanso kutsukidwa mosamala.
Algae wa pinki:Mosiyana ndi algae ena, iyi ndi bowa yomwe imawonekera pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi ndipo imawoneka ngati madontho a pinki kapena mikwingwirima. Mchere wa quaternary ammonium ukhoza kupha algae wa pinki, koma chifukwa amawoneka pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi ndipo sakukhudzana ndi madzi a dziwe, zotsatira za mankhwala m'madzi si zabwino ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafuna kutsuka ndi manja.
1.6.2 Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kukula kwa Algae
Kusakwanira kwa chlorine, pH yosakwanira, ndi njira zosakwanira zosefera ndizifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa algae. Mvula imathandizanso kuti algae aphuke. Mvula imatha kutsuka spores za algae m'dziwe ndikusokoneza bwino madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti algae ikule bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa chilimwe kukakwera, kutentha kwa madzi m'dziwe kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya ndi algae azikula. Kuphatikiza apo, algae amathanso kupangidwa ndi zinthu zodetsa zomwe zimanyamulidwa ndi osambira, monga zovala zosambira zomwe amavala komanso zoseweretsa zomwe amasewera nazo m'nyanja kapena m'madzi a m'nyanja.
1.6.3 Mitundu ya Algicides
Kawirikawiri, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zophera algae: kupha algae mwakuthupi ndi kupha algae mwa mankhwala. Kupha algae mwakuthupi makamaka kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zokokera algae pamanja kapena zokha kuti muchotse algae pamwamba pa madzi. Komabe, njira iyi siichotsa algae kwathunthu, koma imangowonjezera kupambana kwa kupha algae mwa mankhwala. Kupha algae mwa mankhwala ndi kuwonjezera algae kuti muchotse algae kapena kuletsa kukula kwake. Chifukwa algae nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu yopha algae pang'onopang'ono, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poletsa algae. Algae imagawidwa m'magulu atatu otsatirawa:
- Polyquaternary ammonium salt algicide: mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:Uwu ndi mtundu wa algicide wokwera mtengo, koma magwiridwe ake ndi abwino kuposa algicide ina, osati thovu, kapena kuyambitsa kukula ndi utoto.
- Mankhwala a mchere wa ammonium a Quaternary:Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amenewa ndi otsika mtengo ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo sayambitsa makwinya ndi utoto. Koma amatha kuyambitsa thovu ndikuvulaza fyuluta.
- Mkuwa wothira:Iyi ndi mankhwala ophera algicide omwe amapezeka kwambiri, osati otsika mtengo okha, komanso amapha algae. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera algicide a mkuwa opangidwa ndi chelated copper kumawononga mabala ndi madontho, ndipo n'koletsedwa m'malo ena.
Dinani ulalo kuti muwone zambiri za malonda
1.6.4 Momwe Mungathetsere Vuto la Algae
- Choyamba, sankhani mankhwala oyenera a algicide. Kampani yathu imapereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana opha algae, kuphatikizapo Super Algicide, Strong Algicide, Quarter Algicide, Blue Algicide, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingalepheretse kukula kwa algae ndi mabakiteriya ndikupanga malo otetezeka osambira kwa osambira.
- Chachiwiri, tsukani ndere zomwe zili pakhoma ndi pansi pa dziwe ndi burashi.
- Chachitatu, yesani ubwino wa madzi, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa chlorine ndi pH. Chlorine yaulere ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za mphamvu yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo pH ingapereke malo okhazikika kuti mankhwala ena a m'madzi azitsatira.
- Chachinayi, onjezerani mankhwala ophera algicides m'madzi a dziwe, omwe amatha kupha algae bwino.
- Chachisanu, onjezerani mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'dziwe losambira, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda agwire ntchito, ndikuthetsa vuto la algae mwachangu.
- Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, sungani kuti kayendedwe ka madzi kayende bwino. Kusunga zida za dziwe losambira zikugwira ntchito nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti mankhwala a dziwe afike pakona iliyonse, zomwe zimathandiza kuti dziwe lonse lifike bwino.
- Pomaliza, mukamaliza masitepe omwe ali pamwambapa, onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka fyuluta yamchenga kuti zipangizo zigwire bwino ntchito.
Kusamalira Nthawi Zonse ndi Gawo Lofunika Kwambiri pa Kusamalira Dziwe Losambira
Kuti dziwe likhale loyera komanso loyera kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwonjezera pa kuthetsa mavuto a madzi omwe ali pamwambapa, kukonza dziwe tsiku ndi tsiku ndikofunikiranso.
2.1 Yesani Ubwino wa Madzi Nthawi Zonse
Ubwino wa madzi ndiye maziko a kukonza dziwe. Kuyesa pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa pH, chlorine wopanda madzi, alkalinity yonse ndi zizindikiro zina zofunika m'madzi ndiye gawo loyamba lotsimikizira chitetezo cha ubwino wa madzi. Ubwino wa pH wokwera kwambiri kapena wotsika kwambiri sudzangokhudza mphamvu ya kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso ungayambitse kuyabwa pakhungu ndi maso. Chifukwa chake, ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku kusintha ubwino wa madzi nthawi yake malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso ndikusunga mkati mwa mulingo woyenera.
2.2 Kusunga Dongosolo Losefera
Dongosolo losefera la dziwe losambira ndilofunika kwambiri kuti madzi azikhala oyera komanso oyera. Kuyeretsa kapena kusintha fyuluta nthawi zonse ndikuwona momwe pampu ndi chitoliro zimagwirira ntchito kuti madzi aziyenda bwino ndiye maziko osungira bwino ntchito ya dongosolo losefera. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yoyenera yotsukira kumbuyo ingathandizenso kukulitsa moyo wa fyuluta ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya kusefera.
2.3 Tsukani Dziwe Losambiramo
Kuyeretsa pamwamba pa dziwe ndi khoma la dziwe ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yokonza tsiku ndi tsiku. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeretsera zaukadaulo, monga burashi ya dziwe, makina opopera, ndi zina zotero, kuchotsa zinthu zoyandama pamwamba pa dziwe nthawi zonse, moss wa pakhoma la dziwe ndi dothi la pansi pa dziwe, kungasunge kukongola ndi chitetezo cha dziwe lonse. Pakadali pano, samalani kuti muwone ngati matailosi ndi zinthu zina zili bwino ndikukonza zowonongekazo pakapita nthawi, potero kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa madzi.
2.4 Kusamalira Zodzitetezera
Kuwonjezera pa kuyeretsa ndi kuyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku, kukonza njira zodzitetezera n'kofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuwunika njira zotulutsira madzi kuyenera kulimbitsa nyengo yamvula isanayambe kuti madzi amvula asabwererenso. Kukonzanso zida zonse ndi kukonza nthawi yamvula isanayambe kuti dziwe lizigwira ntchito bwino nthawi yamvula isanayambe. Njirazi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kulephera kwadzidzidzi ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ya dziwe.
Ponseponse, kukonza dziwe losambira ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yosamala kwambiri yomwe imafuna khama lalikulu komanso kuleza mtima kuchokera kwa oyang'anira dziwe losambira. Bola ngati tigwira ntchito yabwino yokonza nthawi zonse komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a dziwe moyenera, titha kupereka malo abwino komanso abwino kwa osambira. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, chonde musazengereze kulankhula nafe. Monga opanga mankhwala otsogola a dziwe losambira ku China, titha kupereka malangizo aukadaulo komanso zinthu zotsika mtengo.
