PolyDADMAC ya Chithandizo cha Madzi Otayira a Winery: Kupititsa patsogolo Kusungunuka kwa Madzi ndi Kuchotsa Madzi Otayira

Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo yopangira, makamaka nthawi yokolola, makhalidwe a madzi otayira a winery amatha kusiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yokonza zinthu ikhale yovuta. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapachikidwa ndi ma colloid achilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa kudzera mu sedimentation yokha, zomwe zimakhudza momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito bwino komanso kasamalidwe ka matope.

Kutsekeka ndi kutsekeka kwa madzi ndi njira zofunika kwambiri pakukonza kulekanitsa kwa madzi olimba ndi olimba.PolyDADMAC(Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride), polima ya cationic yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, imathandiza kuthetsa tinthu tomwe tili ndi mphamvu zoipa, kukulitsa mapangidwe a floc, komanso kukonza bwino ntchito yochotsa matope.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe PolyDADMAC ingathandizire kukonza magwiridwe antchito a winery ndikuthandizira kusuntha bwino kwa madzi ndi matope.

Kulemera Kwambiri kwa Zachilengedwe ndi Kusinthasintha kwa COD

Chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu a kukonza madzi otayidwa m'mafakitale a vinyo ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka m'mafakitale. Madzi otayidwa ochokera ku ntchito zokonza mphesa ndi kuwiritsa akhoza kukhala ndi shuga, zotsalira za mowa, ma asidi achilengedwe, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe zosungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti COD ndi BOD zikhale zambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe sikusinthasintha chaka chonse. Pa nthawi yokolola mphesa ndi kupanga vinyo, makhalidwe a madzi otayira amatha kusintha mofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwakukulu kwa njira zoyeretsera madzi otayira. Njira zoyeretsera ziyenera kukhala zosinthasintha mokwanira kuti zithetse kusiyana kumeneku komanso kuti zisunge magwiridwe antchito okhazikika.

Zinthu Zolimba Zosungunuka ndi Tinthu Tating'onoting'ono Tokhala ndi Colloidal

Madzi otayira a m'munda wa vinyo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa, kuphatikizapo zikopa za mphesa, zotsalira za pulp, maselo a yisiti, ndi ma colloid achilengedwe. Tinthu tambiri timeneti tili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso mphamvu zoyipa pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzikhazikika mwachilengedwe.

Popanda kuuma bwino komanso kuyandama bwino, tinthu tating'onoting'onoti tingapitirire kukhala m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azisungunuka komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya njira zochiritsira zotsatira.

Mavuto Okhudza Kusamalira Madzi Otayirira

Kuchotsa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa pamadzi kumabweretsa matope panthawi yokonza madzi otayidwa. Komabe, matope osapangidwa bwino amatha kukhala ndi madzi ambiri, kuchepa kwa madzi, komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito yochotsa madzi m'madzi.

Chifukwa chake, kupanga bwino kwa udzu ndikofunikira osati kokha pakukonza bwino madzi komanso kuchepetsa mavuto ogwiritsira ntchito matope ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Kwa mafakitale opanga vinyo, kukonza kulekanitsa madzi olimba ndi olimba kudzera mu kusakaniza bwino madzi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri kuti madzi otayira agwire bwino ntchito.

Chithandizo Chathupi

Kuchiza thupi nthawi zambiri ndi gawo loyamba la kasamalidwe ka madzi otayira m'mafakitale a vinyo. Limayang'ana kwambiri kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe zatsala musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ena.

Njira zodziwika bwino zakuthupi zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuwunika:Amachotsa zinthu zazikulu monga zikopa za mphesa, tsinde, ndi zotsalira zina zolimba.
• Kutulutsa dothi:Amalola tinthu tolemera tomwe timapachikidwa kuti tikhazikike mwachilengedwe.
• Kusefera:Zimathandiza kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapachikidwa musanayambe chithandizo chapamwamba.

Ngakhale njira zakuthupi zimathandiza kuchotsa zinthu zazikulu zolimba, nthawi zambiri sizikwanira kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta colloidal ndi mankhwala achilengedwe osungunuka.

Chithandizo cha Zamoyo

Mankhwala achilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi otayika m'mafakitale a vinyo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasintha zinthu zachilengedwe kukhala zinthu zosavuta, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa COD ndi BOD.

Njira zodziwika bwino zamoyo zimaphatikizapo:

• Machitidwe a matope ogwiritsidwa ntchito
• Kugaya chakudya popanda aerobic
• Chithandizo cha aerobic biology
• Ma bioreactor a Membrane (MBR)

Njira zamoyo zimatha kuchotsa zinthu zachilengedwe bwino kwambiri, koma magwiridwe antchito awo angakhudzidwe ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kapangidwe ka madzi otayira, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, kapena kupezeka kwa zinthu zoletsa monga ma polyphenols.

Kwa mafakitale opanga vinyo omwe ali ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana, kusunga magwiridwe antchito abwino a zamoyo kungakhale kovuta popanda chithandizo chabwino pasadakhale.

Ukadaulo Wapamwamba Wokhudza Kuchiza ndi Kugwiritsanso Ntchito Madzi

Poganizira kwambiri za kukhazikika kwa madzi komanso kusunga madzi, opanga vinyo akufufuza njira zamakono zochizira matenda kuti athandize kubwezeretsa madzi ndikugwiritsanso ntchito madzi.

Njira zamakono zodziwika bwino zikuphatikizapo:

• Kusefa kwa nembanemba
• Njira zamakono zopangira okosijeni (AOPs)
• Chithandizo cha mpweya wopangidwa
• Njira zochotsera zakudya m'thupi

Njira zimenezi zitha kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa madzi oyeretsedwa ndikuthandizira zolinga zachuma. Komabe, nthawi zambiri kuchiza bwino pasadakhale ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zinthu zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa ndikupewa kuipitsidwa, makamaka pamene ukadaulo wa nembanemba ukugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Udindo wa Kusakaniza Madzi Otayira mu Kukonza Madzi Otayira mu Winery

Ngakhale kuti ukadaulo wa zamoyo ndi wapamwamba wochiritsira umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, kulekanitsa bwino madzi olimba ndi olimba kumakhalabe gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera madzi otayira m'mafakitale a vinyo. Kuchotsa zinthu zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa ndi ma colloid achilengedwe musanagwiritse ntchito kungathandize kuti makinawo akhale olimba ndikuchepetsa zovuta zogwirira ntchito.

Mwa kukulitsa mphamvu ya coagulation ndi flocculation, PolyDADMAC ikhoza kuthandizira bwino chithandizo cha madzi otayira m'mafakitale a vinyo, kukonza makhalidwe okhazikika a matope, ndikuthandizira kuyang'anira bwino madzi otayira.

Kuchepetsa Mtolo pa Chithandizo cha Zachilengedwe

Njira zochizira matenda achilengedwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ngati zinthu zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimayimitsidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe za colloidal zachotsedwa kale. Kusuntha bwino kwa madzi kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tachilengedwe tomwe timalowa m'ma reactors achilengedwe, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizigwira ntchito bwino komanso kukonza bwino ntchito yochizira, makamaka panthawi yomwe madzi otayira akusinthasintha.

Kukonza Kukhazikika kwa Madzi ndi Kuchotsa Madzi Oipa

Ubwino wa ma floc omwe amapangidwa panthawi yokonza umakhudza mwachindunji kasamalidwe ka matope. Ma floc olimba komanso opapatiza amakhazikika mwachangu ndikupanga matope omwe ndi osavuta kuwachotsa, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa matope komanso amachepetsa ndalama zoyendera ndi kutaya. Makhalidwe abwino a matope amathandiziranso kuti matanki osungira madzi ndi zida zochotsera madzi zigwire bwino ntchito.

Kuthandizira Kukonza ndi Kugwiritsanso Ntchito Madzi Mwapamwamba

Makampani ambiri opanga vinyo akugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zochizira matenda, monga kusefa kwa nembanemba, kuti akwaniritse miyezo yokhwima yotulutsira madzi kapena kuti madzi agwiritsidwenso ntchito. Kusefa bwino kumachotsa gawo lalikulu la zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa nembanemba, kukonza magwiridwe antchito osefa, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida.

Udindo wa PolyDADMAC mu Flocculation

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa flocculation kumadalira kwambiri kusankha flocculant yoyenera. PolyDADMAC ndi polymer ya cationic yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri yomwe imachotsa mwachangu tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mphamvu zoyipa ndikulimbikitsa kupangika kwa floc zazikulu komanso zolimba. Zotsatira zake, zimawongolera kumveka bwino, zimathandizira kulekanitsa madzi olimba, komanso zimathandizira kuchotsa matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yankho lothandiza pochiza madzi otayika m'mafakitale a vinyo.

Momwe PolyDADMAC Imagwirira Ntchito mu Chithandizo cha Madzi Otayira a Winery

PolyDADMAC (Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride) ndi polima ya cationic yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati coagulant kapena coagulant yothandizira pakukonza madzi akumwa m'mafakitale. Pokonza madzi akumwa m'mafakitale, imapangitsa kuti coagulation ndi flocculation zisamayende bwino mwa kusokoneza tinthu tomwe timayimitsidwa ndikulimbikitsa mapangidwe a flocs zazikulu, zokhuthala. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulekanitsidwa bwino kwa madzi olimba, kutayikira pang'ono, komanso kuchotsa matope bwino.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito PolyDADMAC pa Chithandizo cha Madzi Otayira a Winery

PolyDADMAC imapereka ubwino wambiri pakukonza madzi otayika m'mafakitale a vinyo mwa kukonza kuuma kwa madzi ndi kukhuthala kwa madzi. Kuchuluka kwake kwa cationic charge kumapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa ndi ma colloid achilengedwe asamayende bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulekanitsidwa kwabwino kwambiri pakati pa madzi olimba ndi olimba. Kaya imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati coagulant yayikulu kapena ngati coagulant yothandizira pamodzi ndi ma coagulant osapangidwa, PolyDADMAC ingathandize mafakitale a vinyo kukonza magwiridwe antchito a mankhwala pomwe ikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

• Kulekanitsa kwabwino kwa madzi olimba:Chimodzi mwa zabwino zazikulu za PolyDADMAC ndi kuthekera kwake kowonjezera kuchotsa zinthu zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe za colloidal. Mwa kuletsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mphamvu yoipa komanso kulimbikitsa mapangidwe a ma flocs akuluakulu, PolyDADMAC imafulumizitsa kusungunuka kwa nthaka ndikuwongolera bwino momwe zinthu zilili. Kulekanitsa bwino madzi olimba ndi olimba kumachepetsa kutayikira kwa nthaka ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa m'madzi okonzedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zabwino kwambiri zochizira matenda achilengedwe, kusungunuka kwa mpweya wosungunuka (DAF), kapena kusefa kwa membrane.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Moyenera Kwambiri Pochiza Mankhwala Ochepa:Poyerekeza ndi kudalira kokha ma coagulants achikhalidwe osapangidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito PolyDADMAC kumatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a coagulant pamlingo wochepa. Mphamvu yake yolimba yoletsa mphamvu ya chaji imalola machitidwe ochizira kuti apange floc yogwira mtima komanso kukonza bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma coagulants ndi ma flocculants. Kukonza bwino mlingo kudzera mu kuyesa kwa mitsuko kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a mankhwala ndikuchepetsa ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito.
• Kukhazikika kwa Madzi Otayirira ndi Kuchotsa Madzi Oyipa:Kusamalira bwino matope ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pokonza madzi otayidwa m'mafakitale a vinyo. PolyDADMAC imalimbikitsa kupanga ma floc opapatiza komanso okhazikika mwachangu omwe amapanga matope okhala ndi makhalidwe abwino ochotsera madzi. Kukweza khalidwe la matope kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa matope, kufupikitsa nthawi yochotsera madzi, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera ndi kutaya, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chomera chizigwira ntchito bwino.
• Kugwira Ntchito Kokhazikika Pansi pa Mikhalidwe Yosinthasintha ya Madzi Otayira:Makhalidwe a madzi otayira a vinyo amatha kusintha kwambiri chaka chonse chifukwa cha kukolola mphesa nyengo, nthawi yopangira, ndi ntchito zoyeretsa. Kusinthaku nthawi zambiri kumakhudza momwe mankhwala amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya cationic komanso kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwa coagulation, PolyDADMAC ingathandize kusunga flocculation yokhazikika pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya madzi otayira, ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwa njira yochizira panthawi yopanga mphesa nthawi yayitali komanso yopanda nyengo.
• Kuthandizira Kuchiza Kwapamwamba ndi Kugwiritsanso Ntchito Madzi:Makampani ambiri opanga vinyo akuyika ndalama muukadaulo wapamwamba wokonzera madzi kuti akwaniritse malamulo okhwima otulutsira madzi ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsanso ntchito madzi. Kukonza bwino pasadakhale ndikofunikira kuti makina otsatirawa atetezedwe ku zinthu zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa komanso kuipitsidwa kwachilengedwe. Mwa kukonza bwino ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu timene timagwiritsa ntchito tinthu tisanayambe kusefa membrane kapena njira zina zapamwamba, PolyDADMAC imathandiza kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa, kupititsa patsogolo kusefa, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira zosungira madzi otayira m'mafakitale a vinyo zomwe cholinga chake ndi kusunga madzi ndi kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe.

PolyDADMAC Poyerekeza ndi Ma Coagulant Achikhalidwe a Madzi Otayira a Winery

Mankhwala ophatikizika achilengedwe, mongaAluminiyamu Sulfate(alum), ferric chloride, ndi polyaluminum chloride (PAC), zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pochotsa zinthu zolimba zomwe zatsala pang'ono kusungunuka ndikuchepetsa kutayikira. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala awa ndi othandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zambiri, magwiridwe antchito awo amatha kukhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe ka madzi otayira, pH, ndi kusinthasintha kwa nyengo.

PolyDADMAC imapereka njira yosiyana. Monga polima ya cationic yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, imachotsa mwachangu tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mphamvu zoyipa ndikulimbikitsa mapangidwe a ma flocs olimba komanso opapatiza. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati coagulant yoyamba kapena, nthawi zambiri, ngati coagulant yothandizira pamodzi ndi ma coagulant osapangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yonse yochizira.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti PolyDADMAC si njira yoti ilowe m'malo mwa ma coagulants achikhalidwe. M'machitidwe ambiri oyeretsera madzi otayira m'mafakitale a vinyo, zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka pophatikiza PolyDADMAC ndi ma coagulants osapangidwa monga PAC kapena aluminium sulfate. Coagulant yosapangidwa imasokoneza msanga tinthu tomwe timayimitsidwa, pomwe PolyDADMAC imakulitsa kukula kwa floc ndikulimbitsa kapangidwe ka floc, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhazikika mwachangu komanso kulekanitsidwa bwino kwa madzi olimba.

Pulogalamu yabwino kwambiri yochizira imadalira mawonekedwe a madzi otayira a winery, kuphatikizapo COD, zinthu zolimba zomwe zimachotsedwa, pH, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kuchita mayeso a mtsuko wa labotale kumalimbikitsidwa kuti mudziwe kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala oyenera komanso mlingo woyenera kuti mukwaniritse ntchito yochizira yomwe mukufuna.

Poyerekeza mlingo wosiyanasiyana ndi kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala, ogwira ntchito amatha kuzindikira pulogalamu ya mankhwala yotsika mtengo kwambiri pomwe akupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopitirira muyeso.

Sankhani Gulu Loyenera la PolyDADMAC

Zogulitsa za PolyDADMAC zimapezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kulemera kwa mamolekyulu, kuchuluka kwa ma charge, ndi kukhuthala. Kusankha mtundu woyenera ndikofunikira chifukwa makhalidwe a madzi otayira amakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a flocculation. Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira ndi izi:

• Kuchuluka kwa Chaji:Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumatsimikiza kuthekera kwa PolyDADMAC kuletsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mphamvu yoipa. Madzi otayira a m'munda wa vinyo okhala ndi maselo ambiri a yisiti, ma organic colloids, ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa bwino angafunike polima yokhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira ya cationic kuti ikwaniritse bwino kusokonekera.
• Kulemera kwa Maselo:Kulemera kwa mamolekyu kumakhudza kapangidwe ka floc ndi magwiridwe antchito olumikizirana. Ma polima olemera kwambiri a mamolekyu angathandize kupanga floc zazikulu, pomwe ma grade otsika a mamolekyu angapereke kuchepetsedwa kwa mphamvu mwachangu. Kulinganiza bwino kumadalira mawonekedwe a tinthu ndi kasinthidwe ka njira yochizira.
• Zofunikira pa Kuganizira ndi Kusamalira:Kuchuluka ndi kukhuthala kwa PolyDADMAC zimakhudza kusungidwa, kuchepetsedwa, ndi kufunikira kwa dongosolo la mlingo. Kukonzekera bwino ndi kulamulira mlingo kumathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti chithandizo chikugwira ntchito bwino nthawi zonse.

Konzani Mlingo ndi Mikhalidwe Yosakaniza

Mlingo woyenera wa PolyDADMAC ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Mlingo wosakwanira ungayambitse kusokonekera kwa tinthu tosakwanira, pomwe mlingo wochulukirapo ungayambitse kubweza kwa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya flocculation. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukonza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, mphamvu yosakanikirana mwachangu, nthawi yofewa, komanso nthawi yokhazikika. Kusakaniza koyenera kumalola mamolekyu a PolyDADMAC kukhudzana ndi tinthu tomwe timayimitsidwa bwino ndikuletsa kudulidwa kwambiri komwe kungaswe ma floc opangidwa.

Phatikizani PolyDADMAC ndi Mankhwala Ena Ochiritsira Pamene Pakufunika

Mu makina ambiri oyeretsera madzi otayira m'mafakitale a vinyo, PolyDADMAC imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma coagulants ena kapena ma flocculants kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino. Kuphatikiza kofala kumaphatikizapo:

• PolyDADMAC + PAC (Polyaluminum Chloride):Zimathandiza kuti magazi azitsekeka bwino komanso kuti floc ipangidwe bwino.
• PolyDADMAC + Aluminium Sulfate:Zimathandiza kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kumveka bwino.
• PolyDADMAC + PAM:Zimathandiza kuti floc ikhale yolimba komanso kuti madzi asamathire bwino.

Kuphatikiza koyenera kwambiri kumadalira mtundu wa madzi otayidwa, zolinga zoyeretsera, ndi zida zomwe zilipo.

Yang'anirani Magwiridwe Abwino a Chithandizo Nthawi Zonse

Popeza mikhalidwe ya madzi otayira m'mafakitale a vinyo imatha kusintha nthawi yonse yopanga, kuyang'anira kosalekeza ndikofunikira kuti ntchito yokonza ipitirire bwino. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi monga kutayira madzi, kuchepetsa COD, kuchotsa zinthu zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa madzi otayira, komanso kugwira ntchito kwa madzi otayira. Kuwunika nthawi zonse kumathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha mlingo wa PolyDADMAC ndikukhala ndi chithandizo chabwino cha madzi otayira pansi pa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito. Mwa kusankha mtundu woyenera wa PolyDADMAC, kukonza mlingo, ndikuuphatikiza mu njira yoyenera yokonza, mafakitale a vinyo amatha kupeza kumveka bwino, kuyang'anira bwino madzi otayira, komanso kugwira ntchito kodalirika kokonza madzi otayira.

Kutsiliza: Kukonza Chithandizo cha Madzi Otayira a Winery ndi PolyDADMAC

Madzi otayira a m'munda wa vinyo ali ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa, ndi zinthu zina zodetsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithandizo chikhale chovuta. Kutseka bwino madzi ndi kutseka bwino madzi n'kofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa madzi olimba ndi olimba komanso kuti ntchito yokonza ipitirire bwino.

PolyDADMAC, polima ya cationic yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, imathandiza kuthetsa tinthu tomwe timayatsidwa molakwika, kukulitsa mapangidwe a floc, komanso kukonza kukhazikika kwa matope ndi kuchotsa madzi m'nthaka. Ikasankhidwa bwino ndikuperekedwa mlingo woyenera, imatha kuthandizira kukonza bwino madzi otayidwa m'munda wa vinyo ndikuchepetsa zovuta zogwirira ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito bwino, PolyDADMAC imapereka yankho lodalirika lowongolera magwiridwe antchito a flocculation, kuchotsa matope, komanso kusamalira madzi otayidwa mokhazikika.